reference n. 1.(对委员、审查人等的)委托;委托项目[范围]。 2.说到,论到,提到。 3.参考;参考书;附注,引证;基准,依据;关系。 4.(关于人品、能力等的)查询,咨询,询商;可供查问的人;证明人,介绍人;(身份、能力等的)证明书,介绍书,服务经历,鉴定书。 5.参看符号〔如 asterisk[*e], obelisk ?, section§, parallel‖, paragraph π等〕 (=reference marks)。 the commission's terms of reference 委员会的职权。 R- was made to me. 提到了我;所指的是我。 You make no reference to your plan in your letter. 你信里没有提到你的计划。 a book of reference=a reference book 参考书。 Who are your references 你的证明人都是谁? bear reference to =have reference to. give a reference to 提到,介绍。 have reference to 和…有关系。 in reference to 关于。 load one's pages with references (在著作中)引用大量参考资料[文献]。 make reference to 说到,涉及,提到;参考;查问;介绍。 with reference to 关于。 without reference to 不管,不论(without reference to age or sex 无论男女老少)。 vt. 加注,附加注脚;给(书等)列出参考书目[注明资料来源]。
( 3 ) in the different form of feedback , other - referenced feedback make subjects blindly set higher goals which difficult to achieve ; while self - referenced feedback make subjects set specific and challengeable goals which easy to achieve . ( 4 ) ( 3 )在不同反馈方式下,他人参照反馈使得被试盲目设置更高的目标,难以实现;而自我参照反馈使得被试在了解自己的以往成绩的基础上设置较高的而又具有挑战性的目标,容易实现。
In the teaching practice , performance feedback have two means : one is feedback the real performance to the students , that is the self - referenced feedback ; the other is feedback others " performance to the students , that is the other - referenced feedback . it is necessary to explore the different effect of specific goals in two forms of feedback 而在教学实践中,教师把学生的成绩反馈回去的方式要么是让学生了解自己的真实成绩,把过去的成绩与现有的成绩或目标作出比较,要么是强调突出好学生的成绩,让其成为全班的榜样,在这种情况下其他学生就难免与其进行比较。
The following conclusions were drawn from the research : ( 1 ) the goal specificity has no effect on subsequent performance , but has significant effect on self - efficacy , concretely improved self - efficacy . ( 2 ) the form of feedback has significant effect on self - efficacy and subsequent performance : the self - referenced feedback improves subjects " self - efficacy and subsequent performance ; the other - referenced feedback decreases their self - efficacy and subsequent performance ( 2 )反馈方式能影响后继成绩和自我效能感的提高或降低:在自我参照反馈方式下,被试能提高自己的自我效能感和后继成绩;而在他人参照反馈方式下,被试的后继成绩和自我效能感则降低。